June 28, 2026

Michael's Daily Notes

Is the iPhone the most effective form of birth control ever invented?

It makes intuitive sense: when people spend more time on smartphones, they are spending less time in person. No mingling!  Without in-person contact, there is less opportunity for intimacy. Less intimacy, fewer kids. But now comes a scientific analysis that goes a long way toward establishing causation.

It's a new working paper from the National Bureau of Economic Research, and the title is the question above - not mine, theirs.

Here's the setup. When the iPhone launched in 2007, it was exclusive to AT&T until early 2011. If you carried Verizon or T-Mobile, you were probably still thumbing a flip phone or a BlackBerry. That accident of corporate exclusivity created a natural experiment: counties with the strongest AT&T coverage got iPhones first.

And those same counties saw the steepest drops in birth rates - especially among teenagers and twentysomethings. Run the same test on Verizon and Sprint's footprint and nothing turns up. The researchers conclude that the spread of the iPhone explains between 33 and 52 percent of the decline in fertility among women aged 15 to 44.

The proposed mechanism is exactly what you'd guess: less time spent together in person, more time alone with a screen, and less sex.

Last week, the New York Times' Christine Emba was my guest on CNN to discuss the broader birthrate question. This week, the paper's author joined me on both SiriusXM and CNN - Middlebury College economics professor Caitlin Myers

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